Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a considerable concern. This review aims to provide a in-depth analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It investigates various aspects, incl

Zinc oxide is a substance renowned for its remarkable strength to safeguard delicate skin. This soothing element has long been employed in a variety of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its remarkable protective qualities. Forming a physical defense on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively blocks harmful UV ray